Nestled in the heart of Spain's Huelva province, the Rio Tinto Mining Park stands as an evocative testament to the region's rich mining history. Central to this historical mosaic is the tourist train ride, a heritage railway that offers visitors a unique opportunity to traverse the scenic landscapes and delve into the mining lore that has shaped the area for centuries.

The Rio Tinto Mining Park, a sprawling 4,500-hectare facility, serves as an open-air museum, preserving the legacy of more than 5,000 years of mining activity. Among its myriad attractions, the tourist railway is arguably the most compelling. This century-old railway stretches for 12 kilometres and provides an immersive experience that marries the romance of vintage rail travel with the gritty allure of industrial history.

The Railway's Genesis: From Commercial Lifeline to Tourist Attraction

The origins of the tourist railway are closely intertwined with the development of the Rio Tinto mines. In the late 19th century, the British-owned Rio Tinto Company Limited engineered a network of railways to facilitate the transport of copper ore from the mines to Huelva's port. These railways were vital commercial arteries, ensuring the steady flow of minerals and processing materials.

By the early 21st century, as the mining industry in Rio Tinto dwindled, a concerted effort to preserve and repurpose the railway began. Through the meticulous restoration, the railway was transformed into a tourist railway, offering a fresh lease of life to these storied tracks.

Embarking on a journey aboard the Ferrocarril Turístico Minero is akin to stepping back in time. Visitors board vintage carriages, carefully restored to their former glory. The rhythmic clatter of wheels on rails, the swaying journey, and the occasional whistle transport passengers to a bygone era.

Departing from the historic station at Minas de Rio Tinto, the train meanders through terrains that narrate tales of geological wonder and human endeavour. Copper-coloured earth, reminiscent of Mars’ surface, provides a striking contrast against the greenery that dots the landscape sporadically. As the train chugs along, passengers are treated to panoramic views of the Rio Tinto River’s ochre-hued waters, bearing witness to the natural and industrial forces that have sculpted this extraordinary landscape.

Highlights Along the Route

The railway route is punctuated with noteworthy landmarks that enrich the journey:

1. Corta Atalaya: Once Europe's largest open-pit mine, Corta Atalaya’s vast, terraced expanse offers visitors a staggering perspective on the scale of mining operations. Although no longer active, its sheer size and the scars left upon the landscape evoke a profound sense of industrial achievement.

2. Ernest Lluch Powerplant: Named after the Spanish economist and politician, this decommissioned powerplant stands as a sombre relic of the industrial age, juxtaposed against the tranquillity of the surrounding scenery.

3. Berrocal Alto Mine: A testament to ancient mining practices, Berrocal Alto Mine's ruins illustrate the evolution of extraction techniques through the ages.

Bridging Past and Present

The railway serves not only as a conduit to the past but also as a bridge to the present. Modern interpretative centres along the route provide context and commentary, ensuring visitors appreciate both the historical significance and present-day relevance of the region's mining heritage. The narrative extends beyond industrial exploits to encompass the archaeological and ecological facets of the region, with emphasis on ongoing efforts to rehabilitate and repurpose former mining areas.

The park encapsulates a broader educational mission, using the railway as a didactic tool. Educational programmes tailored for school groups and academic researchers help disseminate knowledge about geology, engineering, and environmental science. Additionally, the railway occasionally hosts cultural events, including historical reenactments and themed excursions, enriching the visitor experience and fostering an appreciation for the region's cultural history.

Visitor Information

The railway operates various routes with differing durations, accommodating both leisurely tours and more in-depth explorations. Ticketing information, operating schedules, and special event announcements are accessible via the "Parque Minero de Rio Tinto’s" official website.

Tips for a Memorable Visit

• Advance Booking: Given the popularity of the railway, especially during weekends and holidays, it’s prudent to book tickets in advance.

• Dress Appropriately: The journey entails both indoor and outdoor experiences. Comfortable clothing and sturdy footwear are recommended.

• Engage with Guides: Knowledgeable guides accompany many tours, offering insights and anecdotes that enrich the journey.

The Rio Tinto Mining Park is more than just a railway; it is a living museum that encapsulates the spirit of an industrious past while embracing the potential of the future. This journey through time offers a poignant reminder of the ingenuity and resilience that underpin humanity’s progress, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts, industrial heritage aficionados, and curious travellers alike.

Rihonor de Castilla is a town in Castilla y León with just over 100 inhabitants. Despite its small size, it can boast of being the only town in Spain with two time zones. How is it possible? Because, in reality, it belongs to two countries, Spain and Portugal. Rihonor de Castilla is a town where bilingualism is common since the residents speak both Spanish and Portuguese. The inhabitants also share a unique language, Rihonorés, a dialect derived from Leonese.

It is a very peculiar municipality. Rihonor de Castilla, which belongs to the Zamorano municipality of Pedralba de la Pradería (Zamora) forms a unit with the Portuguese town of Río Onor. Both towns are one, divided by an imaginary line.

Because part of the urban area belongs to Spain and part to Portugal, bilingualism is common among its little more than 100 inhabitants -some 75 Portuguese and just over 30 in the Spanish.

The inhabitants of Rihonor de Castilla refer to the part of Zamora as Pueblo de Arriva or Povo de Xima and to the part of Portugal as Pueblo de Abajo or Povo de Abaixo.

In the Modern Age, the town was integrated into the province of the Lands of the Count of Benavente. In 1833 the provinces as we know them today were restructured, and Rihonor de Castilla, still an independent municipality, became part of the province of Zamora.

In 1850 it was integrated into the term of Pedralba de la Pradería, where it remains to this day. Pedralba de la Pradería is a town located in the Sanabria region with a population of 200 inhabitants.

The main attraction of the only town in Spain with two time zones is the popular architecture. The houses maintain the architecture of yesteryear, with stone walls, slate roofs and wooden balconies.

Life in this small town is very quiet, and the residents only have to worry about adjusting the clock on both sides of the border, since in Portugal it is one hour less than in Spain.

In today's interconnected and culturally diverse world, social etiquette plays a pivotal role in defining the character of a city. Understanding whether a city's inhabitants are generally polite or discourteous can influence tourism, business, and interpersonal relationships. A recent study conducted by Preply, a language learning platform, sheds light on the rudest and most courteous cities across Spain. This comprehensive analysis, published in April 2024, delves into the social behaviours that shape these perceptions across 19 significant Spanish cities. Whether you're a traveller, a foreign resident, or a local, understanding these dynamics can enhance your experience within Spain.

The Rudest Cities in Spain as Revealed by Preply

The findings of Preply's study identify several cities in Spain where residents may come off as ill-mannered to outsiders. Of these, Santa Cruz de Tenerife emerges as the city topping the list, with a score of 6.06 out of 10 for rudeness. This perception, as explained by the report, is driven by several behavioural tendencies, including an excessive amount of time spent on mobile phones and a lack of consideration in traffic situations, such as not yielding to other vehicles.

Granada follows with a score of 5.95, described by the study as a place where locals may occasionally exhibit a bad temper. Another city highlighted for its brash reputation is the coastal conurbation of Alicante-Elche, scoring 5.81, which surpassed the national average rudeness score of 5.53.

Further cities featuring in this less-than-flattering section of the report include San Sebastián (5.77), Bilbao (5.73), and Palma (5.69), with Barcelona and Málaga following closely with 5.64 and 5.61, respectively.

Here is a summary of some of the rudest cities as per the study:

1. Santa Cruz de Tenerife - 6.06
2. Granada - 5.95
3. Alicante-Elche - 5.81
4. San Sebastián - 5.77
5. Bilbao - 5.73

The Most Courteous Cities in Spain

While some cities rank high on the rudeness scale, the study also celebrates the most polite and courteous locales. Topping this list is Vigo, scoring 5.17, marking it as Spain's politest city according to the survey.

Following Vigo, the A Coruña-Oleiros-Arteixo conurbation takes second place, showing that Galicia, as a region, boasts areas noted for their resident's considerate behaviour. Valencia and the Murcia-Orihuela area shoulder past participants, securing third and fourth place for politeness.

Evaluating Behaviour: What Makes a City Rude?

When assessing the rudeness of a city, the study took into account various day-to-day behaviours, which reflect residents' levels of courtesy and education. Among the widespread behaviours scrutinised, habitual mobile phone usage in public spaces emerged as a chief complaint, with San Sebastián reportedly leading in this respect.

Additionally, failing to acknowledge or greet strangers and viewing videos loudly in communal areas also contribute to the perception of impolite conduct.

Beyond public behaviour, the study includes driving etiquette, noting behaviours such as failing to concede way in traffic or not slowing down in pedestrian zones. Disrespect towards personal space further complicates these negative perceptions.

Such behaviours, though they may appear trivial on the surface, cumulatively feed into broader societal impressions that ultimately define the amiability of a city.

The Tipping Culture in Spanish Cities

Tipping etiquette traditionally varies across cultures, and within Spain, the study highlights disparities in how freely tips are given across different cities. Santa Cruz de Tenerife, already positioned as the rudest city, reportedly has the lowest tipping percentage at 6.10%.

Other cities exhibiting less generous tipping habits include San Sebastián and the Murcia-Orihuela area, with percentages of 6.16% and 6.49%, respectively.

On the contrary, residents of Valladolid appear to be the most generous tippers, with an average tipping rate of 10.18%. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the A Coruña-Oleiros-Arteixo area follow in generosity.

The results of this study provide insightful data for both locals and travellers. For local government and city planners, understanding these perceptions can inform strategies to improve local etiquette through civic education and training. For businesses, especially those in the hospitality industry, this data offers an opportunity to tailor customer service practices to mitigate perceived rudeness and enhance visitor experience.

On a personal level, these insights encourage both locals and visitors to reflect on their own social behaviours and the impact these may have on community harmony. By fostering a culture of politeness and consideration, cities can enhance their reputation, attracting more tourists and creating a welcoming environment for new residents.

The study by Preply serves as a reminder of the importance of courteous behaviour in shaping the perception and experience of a city. Whether in the bustling streets of Madrid or the tranquil corners of Galicia, being considerate, respectful, and genuine can make a significant difference.

As the global community grows more interconnected, promoting understanding and polite interaction within different cultural contexts becomes increasingly essential. Regardless of the rankings, every city in Spain offers its unique charm and appeal, and Spain continues to be a welcoming destination—where respect and kindness cultivate a positive atmosphere for everyone to enjoy.

Spain, a land steeped in history and legend, holds within its borders the remnants of a powerful and enigmatic order: the Knights Templar. These warrior monks, sworn to protect pilgrims and fight in the Crusades, left an indelible mark on the Iberian Peninsula, a legacy that endures to this day in the form of imposing castles, serene churches, and whispers of secret rituals.  

Rise of the Order in Spain

The Knights Templar arrived in Spain during the Reconquista, the centuries-long struggle to reclaim the peninsula from Moorish rule. Their military prowess and organizational skills made them invaluable allies to the Christian kingdoms. Kings granted them lands and privileges, allowing them to establish a network of commanderies – fortified settlements that served as bases for their operations.  

Key Templar Sites 

• Castle of Ponferrada (Castilla y León): This imposing fortress, perched on a hill overlooking the town of Ponferrada, was a key Templar stronghold. Explore its towers, ramparts, and keep, imagining the knights who once walked its halls.  

• Monastery of San Juan de Duero (Soria): This Romanesque monastery boasts a unique cloister featuring intricate interlaced arches, a testament to the Templars' architectural influence.

• Church of Vera Cruz (Segovia): This 13th-century church, with its distinctive dodecagonal shape, is believed to have been modelled after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.  

• Castle of Peñíscola (Valencia): Perched dramatically on a rocky headland, this castle served as a Templar refuge and later as the papal seat of Benedict XIII during the Western Schism.

Beyond the Stones: Legends and Mysteries

The Templars were shrouded in secrecy, fueling speculation and legend. Some believe they possess hidden knowledge and vast treasures, while others associate them with mystical practices. While separating fact from fiction can be challenging, these mysteries add to the allure of exploring their history in Spain.  

A Journey Through Time

Following the trail of the Knights Templar in Spain is a journey through time, a chance to connect with a fascinating chapter in history. Whether you're exploring a majestic castle or deciphering cryptic symbols in an ancient church, the spirit of these warrior monks continues to resonate across the Spanish landscape. So, embark on your own quest and uncover the secrets of the Knights Templar in Spain.

An incredible collection of anatomical models, mummified body parts, and human bones can be discovered in one of the world's oldest universities. 

The Universidad Complutense of Madrid is one of the oldest universities in the world. Its story begins as far back as 1293 when the Archbishop of Toledo was granted a charter by King Sancho IV of Castile to found a “studium generale.” Two hundred years later, in 1499, Pope Alexander VI granted a papal bull, which expanded the Complutense into a full university.

Today, the best reason to visit the University is its Museum of Anatomy, “Javier Puerta,” created in 1787 by royal decree of King Charles III, who was known for his contributions to science and research.

Part of the college of medicine, the museum is made up of anatomical models, mummified and artificial body parts, and three sculpture collections. The wax polychrome sculpture collection displays a series of anatomically precise wax models, representing the stages of pregnancy from conception to childbirth, the oldest of which dates back to 1794. The plaster polychrome sculpture collection is essentially a collection of plaster sculptures of human body parts. The ominous-sounding bone collection is comprised of thousands of skulls and two skeletons. 

One of these, which dates back to the Spanish War of Independence (1807-1814), is the skeleton of a French farmer and grenadier who, due to the mercury salts in his bones, is speculated to have been killed by mercury poisoning. The other is the skeleton of the so-called Extremeño Giant, said to have been brought to the museum alive by Pedro Gonzalez de Velasco, the museum’s director at the time.

To be sure that the museum is open at the time you'd like to visit, give them a call at +34 913 94 13 74, or request an appointment by email at fviejo@med.ucm.es.

During the first week in February, Bocairent, in the province of Valencia, celebrates its Moors and Christians festivity in honour of Saint Blas, patron of the town. This particular Moors and Christians fiesta is one of the oldest and best in Spain. Fireworks, paso doble music and bands, spectacular parades, processions and the deafening sound of gunpowder are the main ingredients of this colourful six-day fiesta.  A deep-rooted tradition full of colour and popular culture makes these the town’s most attractive celebrations.

The highlight is the Entrà, when over 2,000 people participate in an amazing parade of floats. If you happen to be in the region you really must withness this fantastic festivity. Here are some of the key days:

FRIDAY  7 February
LES CAIXES
With the “Night of the Drums” (“Nit de les Caixes”) the actual fiestas begin: hundreds of Bocairentines cloaked in their traditional woollen blankets take to the streets carrying Chinese lanterns and beating their drums, announcing the town’s patronage of Saint Blai since 1632.

SATURDAY 8 
LA ENTRADA - Entrá
The “Entrance” (“Entrada”) of Moors and Christians on 2nd February brings the fiesta to life. First to enter are the Christians who parade to cheerful sounding pasadobles and once night-time falls the Moors enter to the slow and emotive tunes of Moorish marches.

SUNDAY 9
SANT BLAI
One of the most emblematic events of the fiesta is the procession on the day of Saint Blai; the entrance into the Town Hall Square of the saint, his relics and the banner of Saint Blai is particularly stirring, with the bells tolling and everyone shouting in unison: “Vitol al Patró San Blai” (“Long live Saint Blai”), as the lights go out and a shower of confetti rains down on the statue of the saint.

MONDAY 10
MOORS AND CHRISTIANS
“The Embassies” (“Les Ambaixades”) on the 4th of February are the representation of when the negotiations for the conquest of the castle between Mores and Christians are acted out. The enormous quantity of gunpowder fired off into the air along with the town’s main streets marks this day out as a special one.

TUESDAY 11
HOLY CHRIST
The day of Holy Christ (Santo Cristo) is also noteworthy due to the procession up to the chapel by participants and musicians, converting the Stations of the Cross footpath into a snaking line of colour.

Spain is a country renowned for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and of course, its exquisite cuisine. Among the most celebrated aspects of Spanish culinary tradition is the concept of tapas – small, flavourful dishes that offer a delightful way to sample a variety of tastes and textures. Whether you’re enjoying a casual evening out with friends or simply looking to explore Spanish gastronomy, tapas provide a perfect introduction to the country's culinary diversity.

In this guide, we’ll embark on a tantalising journey through 20 popular and highly recommended tapas you must try when you visit Spain. Each dish is a testament to the country's vibrant food culture, reflecting regional ingredients and traditional preparation methods.

1. Tortilla Española

A cornerstone of Spanish cuisine, the Tortilla Española, or Spanish omelette, typically comprises eggs, potatoes, and olive oil. Often enjoyed as a "pincho" (a small portion), this dish is commonly enhanced with onions for additional flavour. The simplicity of its ingredients belies its deliciousness and versatility, making it a favourite across Spain.

2. Patatas Bravas and Patatas Alioli

These are fried potato cubes served with tantalising sauces. The brava sauce is known for its spiciness, while the alioli is a garlicky, olive oil-based concoction. Both versions offer distinct tastes, perfect for those who enjoy a bit of zing with their crispy potatoes.

3. Jamón

Particularly the Jamón Ibérico, is a staple in Spanish tapas. This cured ham is often served on small slices of bread or with "picos" – small, crunchy breadsticks native to Spain. The rich, savoury flavour of high-quality Iberian ham is adored by locals and visitors alike.

4. Queso

Spain boasts numerous cheese varieties, each with unique regional significance. Manchego from Castilla-La Mancha, Idiazabal from the Basque Country, Roncal from Navarra, Mahón from the Balearic Islands, and Majorero from the Canary Islands are just a few examples. Sampling local cheeses provides an excellent way to appreciate the country's diverse dairy offerings.

5. Olivas

Olives, or "olivas," often find their way into tapas menus, typically served pickled. They come in many varieties, including stuffed (commonly with anchovies or peppers) or marinated. Olives and other pickled veg create a refreshing and tangy addition to any tapas spread.

6. Calamares

Breaded and fried calamari rings are a beloved tapas in Spain. Often served hot, these crispy delights are particularly popular in coastal regions. The addition of a squeeze of lemon or a dip in a spicy sauce can elevate the experience even further.

7. Croquetas

Croquettes are another staple of Spanish tapas, with fillings that traditionally include jamón. However, modern variations see a plethora of ingredients like mushrooms, crab, calamari, shrimps, cod, or strong-tasting cheeses like Cabrales. Their crunchy exterior and creamy interior make them a crowd-pleaser.

8. Mejillones

Mussels, primarily steamed, are usually presented with lemon or alongside finely chopped tomatoes, onions, and peppers. They offer a burst of maritime flavour that pairs splendidly with bread for sopping up any remaining juice.

9. Pan Tumaca

Originating from Catalonia, Pan Tumaca consists of bread rubbed with ripe tomatoes, olive oil, an optional touch of garlic, and salt. It’s a versatile dish that can be enjoyed on its own or with additions like ham, various sausages, tortillas, or cheeses.

10. Morcillas and Chorizos

Blood sausage (morcilla) and chorizo are two of the most famous pork-derived products used in tapas. Morcilla is often rice-stuffed, while chorizos can be barbecued or cooked in cider, offering rich, spicy flavours that are unmistakably Spanish. Additionally, dishes like "picadillo" (seasoned ground meat), "chicharrones" (pork cracklings), and "torreznos" (fried pork belly) offer hearty accompaniments.

11. Gilda

A pincho consisting of anchovy, olive, and chili pepper popular in the Basque Country. The Gilda is a testament to the region’s love for bold, salty, and spicy flavours, served with a small skewer or toothpick.

12. Huevos Rotos

Also known as "huevos estrellados," this dish consists of fried eggs with runny yolks broken over a bed of ham and fried potatoes. Alternatively, eggs might be paired with baby eels, shrimps, or other pork-based products, with bread used to soak up the gooey yolk.

13. Sepia

Grilled and typically accompanied by a dipping sauce such as mayonnaise or alioli. Smaller varieties, known as "chopitos" or "puntillitas" in Andalusia, are often fried and serve as a fantastic seafood tapas option.

14. Paella

While traditionally more of a main course, paella can also be found in tapas-sized portions. This iconic dish from the Valencia region features rice cooked with vegetables, meats, or seafood. Its vibrant saffron-infused flavour is a quintessential representation of Spanish cuisine.

15. Pulpo a Feira

Hailing from Galicia, this "pulpo," or octopus, is cooked and cut into pieces, then dusted with salt and paprika, and drizzled with olive oil. Served on wooden plates, Pulpo a Feira is also known as Pulpo a la Gallega, embodying rustic yet refined flavours.

16. Papas Arrugadas

Particularly prominent in the Canary Islands, these "wrinkled potatoes" are prepared with local small potatoes cooked in heavily salted water. They are often served with “mojo” sauces – green (cilantro-based) and red (pepper-based), both intense in flavour.

17. Pescaito Frito

A speciality of Andalusia, this "fried fish" is typically coated in a light batter and fried to perfection in olive oil. It is usually served in paper cones with a sprinkle of seasoning, making it a delightful seaside snack.

18. Ensaladilla

This cold salad typically includes cooked potatoes, mayonnaise, tuna, eggs, and finely chopped vegetables like carrots, peas, or green beans. Ensaladilla is a refreshing and creamy tapas, often served as an appetiser.

19. Migas

Consists of crumbled, fried bread seasoned with ingredients such as chorizo, pancetta, peppers, garlic, and onions. Various regional versions exist, with some adding grapes and others substituting meat for fish like cod. This is a hearty, rustic dish that has its roots in shepherd’s fare.

20. Salmorejo and Gazpacho

These cold soups, particularly popular in the summer, are traditional to Andalusia. Both have tomatoes and olive oil as their primary ingredients. Gazpacho also includes cucumbers, peppers, and onions, offering a refreshing, chilled option that brightens up any tapas spread.

Beverages to Complement Tapas

No tapas experience is complete without the perfect drink. Cerveza (beer) and vino (wine) are the staples. Spain’s most famous wine, Rioja, is well-known, but regions all over Spain produce excellent wines with designation of origin labels, such as Ribera del Duero, Rías Baixas, Montilla-Moriles, and Penedès. Additionally, cider, vermouth, and sangría—though more touristy—can greatly complement the wide array of tapas dishes.

Granada, a city steeped in Moorish history and Spanish charm, offers a unique experience that will transport you back in time: the Arab Baths. Imagine stepping into an oasis of tranquillity, with soothing pools of different temperatures, massages, and an evocative atmosphere that whispers tales of ancient traditions.

These baths, known as hammams, were once a cornerstone of social life in Moorish Granada. Today, they offer a respite from the every day, a rejuvenating experience that combines history, relaxation and cultural immersion.

Why Arab Baths Are Perfect for Retirees

• Gentle Relaxation: The hammam's warm waters and calming atmosphere are ideal for those seeking a gentle and restorative experience. It's a perfect way to unwind and de-stress after a lifetime of work.

• Health Benefits: The varying temperatures of the pools can help improve circulation, soothe aching muscles and joints, and promote well-being. It's like a spa day explicitly designed for your needs!

• Cultural Immersion: Experience a unique part of Granada's Moorish heritage and immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of Al-Andalus. It's a fascinating glimpse into a bygone era.

• Social Connection: Many hammams offer a tranquil space for conversation and relaxation, providing an opportunity to connect with others and share travel stories.

But why should you visit an Arab bath in Granada?

• Escape the Ordinary: Retirement is the perfect time to embrace new experiences and discover hidden gems. The Arab baths offer a unique and unforgettable adventure.

• Indulge in Self-Care: You've worked hard all your life. Now is the time to prioritise your wellbeing and treat yourself.

• Embrace a Slower Pace: The hammam encourages a slower, more mindful approach to life, allowing you to truly relax and savour the moment.

• Create Lasting Memories: This experience you'll cherish forever, a unique travel memory to share with friends and family back home.

A Sensory Journey Awaits:

Prepare to be enchanted by the serene ambience of a traditional hammam. Soft lighting, the scent of jasmine and orange blossom, the gentle sounds of water and Andalusian music create an atmosphere of tranquillity. The journey through the different pools, each with varying temperatures, allows your body to acclimate and fully benefit from the therapeutic waters.

• Cold Room: Revitalise your senses and refresh your skin.

• Warm Room: Relax your muscles and prepare your body for the heat.

• Hot Room: Unwind as your pores open, releasing toxins and promoting deep relaxation.

In addition to the thermal circuit, many Arab baths offer a range of massages and treatments, such as exfoliation with a traditional Kessa glove, clay wraps, and aromatherapy massages.

Top-rated Arab Baths in Granada:

• Hammam Al Ándalus: Located at the foot of the Alhambra, this hammam faithfully recreates the atmosphere of a traditional Arab bath. It offers various thermal circuits, massages and beauty rituals.

• Baños Elvira: Situated in the historic centre, these baths are known for their beautiful Nasrid décor and intimate atmosphere.

• Al-Haram Hammam Baños Árabes Granada: With a prime location in the Albaicín, this hammam offers an authentic experience in a historic building.

Tips for your visit:

• Book in advance: To avoid disappointment, especially during peak season, it's advisable to book your hammam experience in advance.

• Bring your swimsuit: Although some baths offer rentals, bringing your own is best.

• Stay hydrated: Remember to drink water before, during and after your visit to stay hydrated.

• Enjoy the experience: Put your phone away and allow yourself to be fully present in the moment.

Visiting an Arab bath in Granada is an unforgettable experience connecting you with the city's rich history and culture while providing a deeply relaxing and rejuvenating escape. Don't miss the opportunity to add this unique experience to your next holiday in Spain.

It is one of the most visited monuments in the whole of Navarre and as soon as you enter Olite it is like walking directly into a fairy tale. With just a glance, the palace takes you back to the Middle Ages. Its turrets and passageways will delight anyone who loves art, architecture or history. After so many years I decided to revisit on my way to France. We stayed the night at the Parador in the village and then visited the palace the following morning before heading off on route again. It is an ideal stop-off if you are travelling up to France via Madrid.

The palace has spectacular lookout points which afford views of the Mediaeval town of Olite. Here are ten curious historical facts that will give you more than enough reasons for visiting this fine example of Spanish history.

1. It was a "real" royal whim.

The palace is the masterpiece of the reign of Carlos III “The Noble”. The project was of such magnitude that people used to say it had as many rooms as the days in a year. The work was an economic extravagance for the period. Charles III wanted his castle to be admired by his guests and he achieved this. It was a real royal whim.

 2. Among the most luxurious of the era

When it was built, it was considered one of the most luxurious medieval castles in Europe. It was so beautiful that, in the 15th century, a German traveller wrote in his diary (which is preserved in the British Museum, in London): “I am sure there is no king with a more beautiful palace or castle, and with so many golden rooms.”

3. It is two palaces in one

Actually, it is really two palaces, one built next to the other. The first, used today as the Parador Hotel where we stayed, dates back to the 12th-13th century and only its walls and towers remain. The second, from the 14th-15th century, is considered the ‘New Palace’ and was completely rebuilt during the 20th century.  The Parador is very reasonably priced and a lovely hotel right in the heart of the village. (seen below)

4. It had famous hanging gardens

One of the most admired features of the palace were its famous hanging gardens which, like the legendary gardens of Babylon, were suspended up to 20 metres above the ground, abounding in plants and flowers from all over the world. So that the courtyard would not buckle under the weight of the large plant pots, orders were given for an underground arcade to be built to act as a buttress. It is the Sala de Los Arcos (Room of Arches) or Sala de Los Murciélagos (Bats).

5. It was a royal zoo

It was traditional for European courts to keep game or exotic animals inside their castles. Carlos III's grandson, Prince of Viana, took this hobby even further and included all sorts of animals until he had created a small zoo, with giraffes, lions, camels and all types of birds. Today you can still see the remains of the aviary in the Patio de la Pajarera (aviary courtyard).

6.  La Torre del Homenaje has exceptional views

The royal chamber is one of the most impressive rooms in the whole architectural complex. It is in the keep, which is nearly 40 metres tall; to reach the top, you need to climb 133 steps. The keep affords exceptional views of Olite and the surrounding land.

7. It has a royal fridge

From the Ochavada Tower, you can see the ice well, or 'the egg', as the locals call it. It is the place where they stored the layers of snow that were used to preserve food. The egg-shaped lid covers a well that has a depth of about eight metres.

8. It came back from the ashes

In 1813, during the War of Independence, the palace was practically destroyed by a fire started by General Espoz y Mina to prevent the French troops from making forts inside the castle.  In 1913 it was bought by the Regional Government of Navarre and 25 years later, a meticulous restoration began, which made the palace look like it does today.
        

9. Bécquer was greatly impressed

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer was one of the tourists who was greatly impressed by this palace.  It was at the end of the 19th century when the poet visited Olite; when he saw the castle's deplorable state, he dedicated an essay in which he evoked the glorious days of this architectural complex.

10. A mediaeval market takes you back in time

Every year, just for two days, Olite holds its mediaeval market; it lets everyone relive the palace's bygone days of splendour. During the festival, all kinds of traditional products are sold and activities are organised that take you back to the Middle Ages, with hawkers, peddlers and minstrels included. 

No doubt we are all familiar with the obligatory baby Jesus in the manger scene rolled out every Christmas, but the early 18th-century inhabitants of Catalonia, Italy, and certain areas of Southern France started a different tradition that lives on to this day.

Unlike the English-speaking version of the Nativity scene, Catalonians at Christmas time actually build a large model of the city of Bethlehem. The Caganer, whose origins have been lost in time, is a particular and highly popular feature of these modern interpretations.

Often tucked away into a small corner of the nativity scene, one can find a lone figure caught in the act of defecation. There are more than a handful of guesses as to how and why this tradition started ranging from the figure representing the equality of all people (everyone poops!) or that it symbolises the idea that God will manifest himself when he is ready, without regard whether humans are ready for him. Still, others believe it is a tradition grown from comic relief.

Nonetheless, it is said that not exhibiting him brings misfortune since his faeces fertilize the ground and also bring luck and happiness for the year ahead.

Traditionally, the Caganer wears a barretina (typical Catalan hat like a beret) and holds a pipe in his mouth, but over the years this tiny fellow has evolved to the extent that nowadays we find models of celebrities, politicians, actors, musicians and football players, as well as Caganers dedicated to towns, to distant traditions, to jobs, and to animals. 

Whatever your thoughts, if you find yourself travelling in the region around Christmas time it’s highly encouraged to take a second look at the scaled down Bethlehem and see if you can find their little “Caganer.”