Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero announced a 5% cut to public sector salaries, as well as reductions to pensions and regional government funding.
He said the plan would save about 15bn euros ($19bn; £12.5bn) over two years.
At the weekend Spain said it wanted to drastically reduce its budget deficit, which currently stands at 11% of GDP.
In his speech to parliament, Mr Zapatero gave details of the plan. Automatic increases in pensions will be suspended from 2011 and funding for regional governments cut.
"We aim to cut civil service wages by an average of 5% in 2010 and freeze them in 2011," he added.
Spain has said it plans to cut the budget deficit by 4.7% by the end of 2011.
Madrid is now under pressure from the European Commission to deliver.
The European Union has been anxious to see more fragile European economies including Spain, Portugal and Greece impose tougher austerity measures.
Many Spaniards fear the effect the cuts will have on the economy, which has already contracted sharply, and where the unemployment rate exceeds 20% - twice the eurozone average.
On Tuesday US President Barack Obama called Mr Zapatero, urging him to take "resolute action".
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At least he is doing something. I guess it is going to hurt though